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q* q*ads q*des Tads T swing Tdes Tads < Tdes 2.3 PSA Modeling Pdes Pads P Figure 2.2: Adsorption isotherms and change in equilibrium solid loading with pressure and temperature 2.3.2 Adsorption Isotherm An adsorbent in contact with the surrounding gaseous mixture for a sufficiently long time eventually attains equilibrium. In this state the amount of a component adsorbed on the surface is determined as shown in Figure 2.2 [154]. The relation between the equilibrium amount adsorbed and the total pressure of the fluid phase at a particular temperature is called an adsorption isotherm. In a general mathematical form, it is expressed as [q∗]T = f(P). Figure 2.2 also shows how adsorption/desorption is facilitated by changing total pressure or temperature of the system. We note that an adsorption process is always exothermic while desorption is always endothermic. Since the overall change in system’s entropy is negative during adsorption, enthalpy change must be negative to ensure a net negative change in the Gibbs free energy (vice-versa for desorption). Consequently, adsorption is favored at a lower temperature, while desorption at a higher one. Similarly, at a high pressure, more adsorbate molecules interact with the molecules at the adsorbent surface leading to a higher adsorbent surface coverage and higher equilibrium solid loading. Hence, adsorption is favored at a high pressure while lowering the pressure facilitates desorption. Chapter 2. Pressure Swing Adsorption 17 P swingPDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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