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Bed 2 Feed Feed pressurization (Step 1) Feed Heavy product Counter-current depressurization (Step 3) Heavy product Heavy product Purge Outlet Feed Bed 2 Feed (or Adsorption) (Step 2) Light product Figure 2.3: A 2-bed 4-step Skarstrom cycle [176] 2.4 PSA Operation As described in section 2.1, fixed-bed pressure swing adsorption processes typically operate in a cyclic manner undergoing adsorption and desorption steps periodically in one or more packed beds. Desorption step renders clean beds re-usable for adsorption step. In PSA, bulk separation is achieved by “swinging” between high and low pressure levels for adsorption and desorption, respectively. Adsorption is carried out at a superambient pressure while the desorption is achieved at a near-ambient pressure level. In a vacuum PSA process (VPSA), desorption is carried out under vacuum. Larger pressure difference allows efficient separation as well as less adsorbent usage [206, 156]. 2.4.1 Operation Scheme A typical two-bed operation mode of PSA cycle is shown in Figure 2.3. The early PSA cycles developed by Skarstrom [176] and Air Liquide [60] utilized such an operating strategy. The Bed 2 Bed 2 2.4 PSA Operation (Step 3) Counter-current depressurization Heavy product (Step 4) Light reflux (or Desorption) (Step 1) Feed pressurization (Step 2) Feed (or Adsorption) Feed Outlet Light product Purge Light reflux (or Desorption) (Step 4) Bed 1 Bed 1 Bed 1 Bed 1 Chapter 2. Pressure Swing Adsorption 22PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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