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Table 4.1: PSA cycles suggested in the literature for post-combustion CO2 separation 4.2 Literature Review PSA cycle configuration 5-bed 5-step 5-bed 5-step 4-bed 4-step 5-bed 5-step 5-bed 5-step 4-bed 4-step 4-bed 4-step 4-bed 4-step 3-bed 8-step 4-bed 8-step 2-bed 4-step 2-bed 6-step 3-bed 5-step 2-bed 4-step 3-bed 8-step 3-bed 7-step 3-bed 8-step 2-bed 4-step 2-bed 5-step 3-bed 4-step 3-bed 6-step 2-bed 4-step 1-bed 4-step 2-bed 4-step 3-bed 5-step 3-bed 6-step 3-bed 9-step 3-bed 9-step operating step sequencea F,HR,CnD,LR,LPP F,HR,CnD,LR,LPP F,HR,CnD,LPP F,HR,CnD,LR,LPP F+R,HR,CnD,LR,LPP F,HR,CnD,LPP F+R,HR,CnD,LPP LPP,F+R,HR,CnD FP,F,CoD,R,N,HR,CnD,N FP,F,HR,LEE,CnD,LR,LEE,N FP,F,CnD,LR LEE,FP,F,LEE,CnD,LR FP,F,HR,CnD,LR FP,F,CnD,LR FP,F,CoD,LEE,HPP,HR,CnD,LEE FP,F,LEE,HR,N,CnD,LEE FP,F,CoD,LEE,HPP,HR,CnD,LEE HPP,FP,CoD,CnD HPP,FP,F,CoD,CnD LPP,F,CnD,LR LPP,FP,F,HR,CoD,CnD FP,F,CnD,LR FP,F,CoD,CnD LPP,F,CnD,LR LPP,F,HR,CnD,LR F,LEE,CnD,LEE F,LEE,HR,CnD,LEE F,LEE,I,LEE,CnD,LEE,FP yf pCO2 Adsb (%) (%) rCO2 Pl (%) (kPa) Feed throughput (kgmol/hr) 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.00052 0.00052 0.006 0.006 16.19 0.049 1.116 0.331 0.331 0.331 0.004 0.027 0.204 0.025 — — — — 30.35 1.741 0.007 48.57 0.193 0.193 0.327 Ref. [151]d [151]d [151]d [148]d [148]d [148]d [148]d [107]d [52] [182]c,d [142]d [142]d [142]d [85]c [132]c,d [133]c,d [50]c,d [51] [51] [51] [51] [111] [111] [86]c [86]c [44]c,d [212]c,d [203]d HTlc 15 HTlc 15 HTlc 15 HTlc 15 HTlc 15 HTlc 15 HTlc 15 AC 17 13X 16 NaX 13 13X 10 13X 10 13X 10 13X 8.3 AC 17 AC 13 13X 13 13X 20 13X 20 13X 20 13X 20 13X 15 13X 15 13X 15 13X 15 13X 12 13X 12 13X 12 72 82 11.49 76 49 11.49 83 17 11.49 98.7 98.7 11.64 98.6 91.8 11.64 99.2 15.2 11.64 99.2 15.2 11.64 99.9 68 10.13 99 45 6.67 95 50 10 70 68 4 82 57 6.67 83 54 6.67 78 50 101.3 99.8 34 10.13 99 55 10.13 99.5 69 5.07 48 94 5.07 43 88 5.07 58 75 5.07 63 70 5.07 72 94 90 90 94 70 52 66 10 83 66 10 83 60 4 95 60 5 92.5 75 3 aCycle-step legend: CnD-counter-current depressurization; CoD-co-current depressurization; FP-feed pressurization; F-feed or adsorption; HPP-heavy product pressurization; HR-heavy reflux; LEE-light end equalization; LPP-light product pressurization; LR-light reflux; N-null or idle; R-recycle. bAdsorbent legend: HTlc-K-promoted Hydrotalcite; NaX, 13X-molecular sieve zeolites; AC-activated carbon. cStudies with experimental results. dMulticomponent study. high heat of adsorption of CO2, zeolite 13X is better because of its higher working capacity, lower purge requirement, and higher equilibrium selectivity. PSA cycle sequences that took advantage of both light and heavy reflux steps were explored by Takamura et al. [182] and Park et al. [142]. Takamura et al. studied a 4-bed 8-step VSA process while Park et al. analyzed three different cycle configurations for VSA processes. While the pure CO2 rinse step and the equalization step in the 3-bed 5-step cycle improved their CO2 purity and recovery, it didn’t decrease their power requirements, which were 106.91 kWh/tonne CO2 for the 2-bed 6-step cycle, and 147.64 kWh/tonne for the 3-bed 5-step cycle. Though the power consumption was quite low, the feed throughput of 0.331 kgmol/hr was also on the lower side. The conventional 2-bed 4-step Skarstrom cycle was also studied by Gomes et al. [85], in which they didn’t apply vacuum to recover CO2. Their work also showed that the light reflux step itself is not sufficient to obtain pure heavy component. Chapter 4. Superstructure Case Study: Post-combustion CO2 Capture 51PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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