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4.4 Case Studies and Computational Results 1 0.5 0 1 0.5 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1 0.5 0 volumes. The optimal control profiles are shown in Figure 4.1. The profiles are drawn against cycle time normalized between 0 and 1. These profiles suggest an optimal 2-bed 6-step VSA process, illustrated in Figure 4.2. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 600 550 500 450 100 80 60 40 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91 Normalized cycle time 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized cycle time N2 (t) = 1 Low-pressure adsorption with heavy reflux (Step 1) N2 (t) as profile Feed N2 (t) as profile Figure 4.1: Optimal control profiles for case II (t) = 0 (t) = 1 (t) = 0 (t) = 0 (t) = 1 (t) = 0 Total reflux (Step 3) (Step 6) 0.42 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 1 CoB CnB CoB CnB CoB CnB Feed CO2 High-vacuum desorption 0 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 0.042 (Step 5) 0.042 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 0.42 Low-vacuum desorption (Step 4) Pressurization + high-pressure adsorption (Step 2) Figure 4.2: Optimal VSA configuration for case II The cycle starts with α(t)=1, β(t)=0, and φ(t)=1. This suggests a bottom reflux from CnB to CoB and feed being fed to CoB. From the profiles of Pads(t) and Pdes(t), CoB operates at Chapter 4. Superstructure Case Study: Post-combustion CO2 Capture 58 Feed(φ) Topreflux(β) Bottomreflux(α) P (kPa) des P (kPa) adsPDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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