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4.4 Case Studies and Computational Results 1 600 500 400 300 200 0.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1 0.5 0 pressure rises in CoB and falls in CnB during this step. Thus, we have a pressurization step for CoB (step 1) and a depressurization step for CnB (step 5), with heavy reflux increasing the adsorbed-phase CO2 concentration towards the heavy end of CoB. 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 150 100 50 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized cycle time 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized cycle time Figure 4.5: Optimal control profiles for case III N2 N2 N2 (t) as profile (t)=0 (t)=1 (t)=0.88 Feed (t)=0 (t) as (t)=0 profile Feed (t) as (t)=1 profile Feed (t)=0 (t)=1 (t)=1 Pressure equalization CoB CnB CoB CnB CoB CnB CoB CnB Depressu- rization (Step 5) 0 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 0.05 Pressu- rization + adsorption Light reflux (Step 3) 0.39 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 0.97 Pressu- rization Heavy reflux (Step 1) (Step 6) (Step 7) (Step 4) (Step 8) 0.97 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 1 CO2 High-vacuum desorption (Step 2) 0.05 ≤ tnormalized ≤ 0.39 Figure 4.6: Optimal VSA configuration for case III Next, both α(t) and β(t) go to zero, while Pads(t) and Pdes(t) attain their maximum and minimum allowed values, respectively. This suggests an adsorption step with the removal of light product for CoB (step 2), and a high vacuum desorption step for CnB (step 6), during Chapter 4. Superstructure Case Study: Post-combustion CO2 Capture 64 Feed(φ) Topreflux(β) Bottomreflux(α) P (kPa) des P (kPa) adsPDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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