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No. of variables No. of equations CPU time Optimal step times Step 1 (and 5) Step 2 (and 6) Step 3 (and 7) Step 4 (and 8) Optimal cycle time Optimal Pfeed Feed flux Power consumption CO2 purity CO2 recovery 46313 46122 273.08 min. 56.77 sec 500.03 sec 614.79 sec 28.41 sec 2400 sec 182.31 kPa 65 kgmol m−2 hr−1 464.76 kWh/tonne CO2 captured 90% 85% 4.4 Case Studies and Computational Results Table 4.6: Optimization results for case III which high purity CO2 is collected. After this step we observe that both α(t) and β(t) go to 1. However, unlike the total reflux step in previous case study, β(t) doesn’t go to 1 at once and nitrogen is still constantly removed from the system. Feed is also fed to CoB for a considerable amount of time at the beginning of this step. Therefore, this translates into a heavy reflux step for CoB (step 3) and a light reflux step for CnB (step 7). Nevertheless, the intent of this step is similar to that of the total reflux step: enrich the N2 front towards the light end of CnB, and CO2 front towards the heavy end of CoB. The gas phase CO2 concentration profiles for both these steps in Figure 4.7 validate this behavior. After this, α(t) and β(t) remain at 1, while Pads(t) starts to drop, Pdes(t) starts to jump sharply, and the two pressures come very close to each other. In fact, Pads(t) and Pd(t) are approximately equal during this step. This translates into a short pressure equalization step (step 4 and 8). Since the heavy reflux from CnB is negligible, we show it as a dotted line for this step in Figure 4.6. Clearly, from Figure 4.7, CO2 concentration drops substantially in CoB and rises steadily in CnB during the equalization step. After this, CoB follows the steps of CnB and vice-versa. Figure 4.6 together with the gas-phase CO2 concentration profiles in Figure 4.7 illustrate several key aspects of the cycle. First, as in the previous case, heavy reflux step is used as Chapter 4. Superstructure Case Study: Post-combustion CO2 Capture 66PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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