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5.3 Case Studies and Computational Results the heavy end of the bed. The light reflux step (step 5) for CnB, since carried out at a high pressure, doesn’t contribute much CO2 for enrichment for CoB during step 1, as observed from the CO2 concentration profile for step 1 in Figure 5.7. Similarly, we observe from the concentration profiles for step 2 in Figure 5.7 that the CO2 reflux from CnB to CoB during step 2 and step 7 marginally pushes the CO2 adsorption front in CoB. This suggests that the heavy reflux from CnB to CoB during steps 1 and 2 are specifically used to push hydrogen out of the light end of CoB. However, though for a short duration, we do observe the use of heavy reflux to concentrate CO2 towards the heavy end of CoB during the light reflux step at vacuum (steps 4 and 9). This vindicates the use of vacuum conditions in CnB during this step to provide a large amount of CO2 for heavy reflux. Moreover, since the duration of these steps is short, the feed stream jumps in CoB to provide enough hydrogen for CnB as a light reflux. Second aspect of the cycle is that the CO2 enrichment towards the heavy end of the bed is mostly done with the feed stream. Unlike previous case, this optimal VSA cycle utilizes the fact that the feed stream has a high concentration of CO2 at a high pressure. From the concentration profile of step 3 in Figure 5.7, it is clear that the feed stream is primarily used to push the CO2 adsorption front. This not only allows a higher feed throughput and enhanced CO2 recovery for the process, but also reduces the specific power consumption. Such a step is a conventional way of elevating CO2 concentration in the bed, and thus makes this VSA cycle more conventional. The final key aspect of the cycle is the pressure equalization step (steps 5 and 10) which leads to savings in the power consumption. Although this step saves energy, it can be observed from the concentration profiles of step 5 that as the pressure drops in CoB, CO2 starts diffusing towards the light end of CoB. As a result, a small amount of CO2 breaks through the light end of CoB and enters the light end of CnB, which is clear from the concentration profiles of step 10 in Figure 5.7. However, the amount is minimal and doesn’t lead to a loss in CO2 recovery. The optimization results for this case are summarized in Table 5.3. With the same number of variables and degrees of freedom as in the previous case we were able to get the optimal Chapter 5. Superstructure Case Study: Pre-combustion CO2 Capture 90PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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