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be achieved with a small number of beds. However, in case I, feed is given or CO2 is removed for a short duration in the cycle. Such small step times, without feed and product buffer tanks, can lead to a large number of parallel beds in the continuous operation. On the contrary, the optimal cycle in case II handles a large amount of feed and removes CO2 for a long duration. Consequently, a continuous cycle operation will require a small number of parallel beds. Thus, the optimal cycle obtained in case II is more practical and implementable. To avoid the kinds of steps obtained in case I, the step times can be constrained to avoid an overly complicated cycle. One way to handle this is to set the step times as integer multiples of each other; this can be enforced with a ”slot-based” formulation. Such a formulation will be considered in future extensions of this work. 5.5 Conclusions and Future Work A major limitation exists with the use of conventional PSA cycles for high purity CO2 capture because they have been designed to recover H2 at an extremely high purity, and consider CO2 as a waste stream. Therefore, it is necessary to develop PSA processes which simultaneously produce H2 and CO2 at a high purity. Complex dynamic behavior of PSA processes together with the numerical difficulties of the model governed by PDAEs makes the evaluation of differ- ent cycle configurations challenging and computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a systematic optimization-based framework to address this issue. The proposed approach is illustrated for two different case studies of pre-combustion CO2 capture using only activated carbon as the sorbent. The first case study deals with obtaining optimal PSA cycle which maximizes CO2 recovery for at least a desired amount of CO2 and H2 purity. Superstructure optimization for this case results in a 2-bed 8-step VSA cycle which can produce both H2 and CO2 at a substantially high purity of 98% and 90%, respectively. A significantly high CO2 recovery of 98% is achieved at a high feed flux of 35 kgmol m−2 hr−1. Changing the objective to minimizing power consumption, in the second case study, yields an entirely different 2-bed 10-step VSA cycle. The cycle can produce CO2 at a purity of 90% and a recovery of 92% 5.5 Conclusions and Future Work Chapter 5. Superstructure Case Study: Pre-combustion CO2 Capture 94PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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