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• Generic framework The key accomplishment is that the proposed superstructure framework is quite generic and can be extended to many other PSA applications. We do not make any assumption on the adsorbent or the feedstock, the kinds of operating steps that can be predicted, or details of the bed model. Moreover, we do not impose any upper bound on the number of operating steps eventually included in the optimal PSA cycle. This makes the approach fairly general. Also, besides developing optimal cycles, the framework can be used to evaluate different kinds of adsorbents for the same feedstock and process conditions. ROM-based Optimization In Chapter 6, with the help of the method of snapshots and Galerkin projection, we utilize proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to successfully construct ROMs which are orders of magnitude smaller than the original problem and also, significantly accurate. Methodology to construct ROMs is illustrated for a Skarstrom PSA process to separate H2 and CH4. With a model reduction of 93% in size, the resulting ROM accurately mimics the actual dynamic behavior. ROM is also used to maximize hydrogen recovery within a trust-region around the point where it is constructed. ROM-based optimization is not only fast and cheap, but an accurate prediction of the descent direction together with an improvement in the objective is also obtained by ROM. With such encouraging results, we devise a systematic adaptive trust-region based frame- work for optimization with ROMs. First, an exact penalty-based trust-region algorithm is developed and illustrated for a two-bed four-step PSA process for post-combustion capture. We conclude that a First-order Correction with exact gradient information is necessary for convergence to an optimum. For a CO2 recovery maximization problem, the exact penalty algorithm with FOC converges to a local optimum after 92 TR iterations and 1.88 hrs of optimization CPU time. To circumvent the difficulty of choosing a penalty parameter, we 8.1 Thesis Summary and Contributions the PSA literature. Chapter 8. Conclusions 187PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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