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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Coal and natural gas fired power plants account for over 60% of the nation’s energy production (Department of Energy). From this energy generation, the US produced 3.1 million metric tons of CO2 (Department of Energy). This release of CO2 is known to be a major contributor to global warming. The world at large is working on ways to decrease their dependence on coal for energy, however it is estimated that by 2030, 28% of the world’s energy will still come from coal. These coal-fired power plants presents large point sources for CO2 emissions and considerable effort has been underway worldwide to curb CO2 emissions from these large point sources. An average flu gas stream is around 10-15 mol % of CO2. Given this concentration, an average coal fired power plant delivers 800 kg of CO2 per MWh (Webley). The goal is to capture CO2 from the flue gas of power plants and concentrate it to around 90 to 95% and sequester it underground (DOE/NETL). There are several technologies available to separate CO2 such as absorption, cryogenic distillation, adsorption, and membrane separation. However, to date none of the technologies is economically feasible; so, significant research effort is being undergoing to come up with an economically feasible process to capture CO2. Among the available technologies, physical absorption using amines is the most widely accepted technology. The basic process of amine scrubbing, which was patented in 1930, is the run the flue gas through a scrubber filled with an amine solution. Most commonly 20-30% methylethylamine (MEA) is utilized in full scale processes. The CO2 is absorbed by the 1PDF Image | Development of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Cycle for CO2 Capture
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