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Many industries have been developing pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for years. Japanese power industries started developing cyclic PSA/VSA for CO2 removal in early nineties (Hirose, Omori and Oba; Ishipashi, Ota and Akutsu; Ito, Otake and Itoi; Sasaki, Matsumoto and Fujitsuka; Yokoyama). Since early ninety, a number of different PSA/VSA cycle have been developed and reported in the literature. A summary of these studies is tabulated in Table 1.1. The definition of different variables used in the table are, yf is the % of CO2 in the feed, pCO2 and rCO2 are the purity and recovery of CO2 in the heavy product stream. However, most of the studies listed in Table 1 are bench-scale studies with extremely small feed throughput. Ritter research group has studied a number of different cycles of PSA for CO2 capture at high temperature using K-promoted hydrotalcite as the adsorbent (Reynolds, Ebner and Ritter 531-536; Reynolds, Ebner and Ritter 334-342; Reynolds, Ebner and Ritter 4278-4294). Their main emphasis was to obtain heavy product at a high purity by introducing a heavy reflux step. In their work, they compared seven different 4-bed 4-step, 4-bed 5-step and 5-bed 5-step configurations with and without heavy reflux step. In another study, they compared nine different PSA configurations to maximize the CO2 purities and recoveries, however all were at a very small feed throughput (Reynolds, Mehotra and Ebner). Kikkinides et al was able to improve the purity and recovery of CO2 in a 4-bed 4- step process by allowing significant breakthrough of CO2 from the light end of the column undergoing heavy reflux after that recycling the effluent from this light end back to the column with the feed (Kikkinides, Yang and Cho). Chue et al. studied a 3-bed 9-step VSA process using activated carbon and zeolite 13X (Chue, Kim and Yoo). They concluded that zeolite 13X performs better that the activated carbon despite having a high heat of 3PDF Image | Development of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Cycle for CO2 Capture
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