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322 C.C.K. Beh and P.A. Webley/Adsorption Science & Technology Vol. 21 No. 4 2003 The various steps within the cycle, step times, flow direction and control valves are shown in Figure 3. Being a semi-batch process, product off-take occurred during steps two (bed 1) and five (bed 2), with the flow into the bed controlled by valve CV1 and product flow controlled by valve CV4. Desorption of the adsorbate (nitrogen in this case) occurred during steps three and four, and was controlled via valve CV2. The purge step, shown here in steps three (bed 1) and five (bed 2), was important for the maintenance of product purity. It forced contaminants (nitrogen) in the fluid phase down from the top of the bed and allowed further adsorbate desorption to occur by lower- ing the partial pressure of nitrogen around the sieve. Control of the product purge stream was via valve CV3. Pressurising the bed with dry air in steps one (bed 1) and three (bed 2) completed the cycle. It should be noted that a product tank was present downstream of the beds. Thus, control valve CV4 regulated flow from the product tank. Although product gas was provided to the product tank during steps two and five only, product withdrawal from the tank through CV4 was continuous. Fixed valve coefficient switch valves connected the beds, feed and product tanks only. It should also be noted that the cycle studied did not include a pressure-equalisation step. Such a step is often included in large-scale PSA cycles to enhance recovery and reduce power requirements. Since the goal of this study was not to optimise power requirements or recovery of the process, Figure 3. Sequence diagram for a dual-bed, six-step O2 VSA cycle.PDF Image | Dynamic Response and Characteristics of an Oxygen Vacuum Swing Adsorption
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