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Dynamic Response/Characteristics of an Oxygen Swing Adsorption Process to Step Perturbations. Part 1 341 It should be noted that the purge step is implemented in the cycle to allow maintenance of prod- uct purity by essentially ‘cleaning’ the top of the bed receiving the purge stream. Thus, the change of 3% in this case is significantly large for this region of operation and so smaller variations in the purge stream would yield higher product concentrations. Furthermore it is clear, for the region of operation, that an increase in product moles per cycle would result in a decrease in oxygen purity (refer Table 1). The product mole rate is a fast-acting variable whilst the oxygen purity is slow due to the capacity of the product tank. Hence, a feed-forward action can be utilised to ensure product purity is within tolerance. However, the use of product flow alone as a feed-forward process vari- able may not be sufficient to determine the effect on purity. For example, if the cycle was oper- ated under disparate conditions (i.e. use of different adsorbents, different process conditions, differing bed height, etc.) whereby the adsorption front was held further into the bed (as is the case for a high-purity scenario), the removal of more product gas may not necessarily affect the prod- uct concentration. It is therefore suggested that measurements of the product flow, as well as another variable yielding information on the position of the adsorption front, may be sufficient to determine whether the product concentration will rise or fall. Lastly, reduction of the product valve or reduction of product load caused increased product purity with similar characteristic responses (compare Figure 18 with Figure 19). An opposite effect from the feed valve change occurred whereby the adsorption front was pushed further back into the bed, hence providing a greater region for product oxygen in the bed. Effect of process disturbances on thermal evolution Whilst the thermal evolution and the response of the beds to process disturbances is of no direct interest to the customer, they are an important source of diagnostic information and offer poten- tial for control. The temperature profile in the bed at the end of each step in the cycle for the base- line condition (before perturbations) is shown in Figure 20. The cold spot at the interface between Figure 20. Cyclic steady-state axial temperature profile at baseline conditions.PDF Image | Dynamic Response and Characteristics of an Oxygen Vacuum Swing Adsorption
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