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due to the adsorption and desorption of gas. The conservation of mass equations are presented and the formation of concentration shock waves and simple waves, essential to the separation process, is described. In Chapter 3, the mass and energy flows for each step of the three cycles are derived, and it is shown how the work for the cycles depends on the cycle and adsorbent properties. The three cycles are analyzed using a mixture of analytical and numerical calculations. The Four-Step cycle and the Ideal Four-Step cycle are then compared to each other and to the reversible work of gas separation. The analysis of the Four-Step cycle reveals that this cycle has a particularly low second law efficiency. The analysis of the Ideal Four-Step cycle reveals that there are still irreversibilites aside from those introduced by mrottling. The Ideal Three-Step cycle is found to be the limit of the Ideal Four-Step cycle, with the pressure ratio approaches infinity. The results are presented for various values of feed mole fraction and selectivity ratio. In Chapter 4, the Four-Step cycle results of Chapter 3 are compared with the previous literature. The Ideal Four-Step cycle results are then used to extend the results of previous studies by dissecting what was previously known only as "bed losses." These losses are divided into the various different mrottling losses that occur in the cycles and the losses inherent to the separation process. The equations are also applied to a vacuum cycle and five experimental separations recorded in previous studies. In Chapter 5 the Ideal Four-Step cycle is analyzed using a computer model, which treats the adsorbent bed as a series of Constantly Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). The effects of diffusion and dispersion can be modeled by varying the number of cells used in the model. It is shown that the amount of diffusion and dispersion present does 6PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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