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2.3 Bed Dynamics PSA cycles generally consist of several steps, during which the gas flows and concentrations in the adsorbent bed vary. The study of these variations is called bed dynamics. When we graph the gas mole fraction in the bed vs. the axial displacement, the profile usually has the appearance of a shock wave or a simple wave. Manipulation of these "wavefronts" controls the PSA cycle. In this section, the concept of wavefronts will be developed in order to see how they are necessary for the separation process. Bed dynamics are governed by the species conservation equations and the boundary conditions imposed on the bed by external compressors, pistons, or valves. Equation (2.40) is th e overall conservation equation for a n isothermal adsorbent bed with negligible axial dispersion o r diffusion and no radial dependence in velocity o r composition. Equation (2.41) is the species A conservation equation (Equations 1 and 2 in Knaebel and Hill, 1985). These equations have been validated by the experimental work o f many, including that o f Kayser and Knaebel (1986). The equations can b e solved by the method of characteristics to yield the profiles mentioned above. Where: z = axial displacement in the bed {m} t = time {s} u = interstitial gas velocity {m/s} £ dP duP + RT(l-e)dn =0 \dt dz ) dt £ dPA +duP. + RT(l-e) =0 Kdt dz ) dt (2.40) (2.41) 25PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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