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A concentration shock wave forms when gas with a higher mole fraction enters a bed filled with gas having a lower mole fraction (mole fraction of a mixed gas is defined as the mole fraction of the more adsorbed species). In order to understand this we will use a simplified model to study the motion of gas molecules through an adsorbent bed at constant pressure. In Figure 2.8 we have a representational adsorbent bed. The adsorbent is shown as unshaded beads. The more adsorbed species is shown as large shaded particles and the less adsorbed species is shown as small shaded particles. In the first frame, the bed is filled only with adsorbent and the less adsorbed species. For this simple example, each adsorbent pellet is capable of adsorbing two molecules of the light component at the total bed pressure. The feed piston is full of the feed gas mixture, which has mole fraction yo (in this case 0.5), and the product piston is empty. In the second frame, some of the feed gas has been injected into the adsorbent bed. Each adsorbent particle is capable of adsorbing three molecules of the more adsorbed component at the partial pressure yoP.* As the heavy component in the feed encounters adsorbent with no adsorbed heavy component, some of the heavy component is adsorbed and removed from the gas phase. As the pressure remains constant, the partial pressure of the less adsorbed species at the left end of the bed is reduced. This causes some of the adsorbed light component molecules to desorb. These molecules join the light component molecules in the feed and both continue through the bed. *It is assumed that the adsorption of one component does not influence the adsorption of the other component; only the partial pressure affects the amount of adsorbed gas. 26PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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