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3.4 The Ideal Three-Step Cycle 3.4.1 Introduction We have seen in the last section that the PSA second law efficiencies are less than 100% even when throttling losses are eliminated. It appears that the cycle affects the efficiency, so an even simpler cycle is analyzed below. This ideal cycle is different from the previous two cycles in that it consists of only three steps (see Figure 3.26). It is able to complete an entire cycle in three steps by combining the blowdown and purge steps of the last two cycles into one, which is termed evacuation. After the feed step, the adsorbent bed is evacuated until the pressure is zero and all of the gas has been rejected at atmospheric pressure. This removes all of the heavy component from the bed. Then, part of the product is expanded through a reversible turbine into the bed until the pressure is again PH and the bed is at its initial condition. The analysis is somewhat simpler, with most of the equations being derived earlier in this work. In fact, this cycle is just the limiting case of the previous cycle, with the pressure ratio approaching infinity. However, as no product is used for purge and the pressurization step requires more gas (the pressure in the bed must be raised from zero to PH instead of only from PL to PH), the amount of product delivered in one cycle is different. The bed is initially at P = PH and y = 0 and the steps proceed as follows: 1. Feed. The cycle begins with the same feed step as the Four-Step cycle and the first ideal cycle. Therefore, the feed work is the same as that calculated for the previous cycles. 89PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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