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109 bent, a sorbent (Hufton et al., 1999) that can be efficiently regenerated by pressure 110 swing. Since then, considerable progress has been made in the materials science 111 behind the sorbent, in understanding the sorbent-sorbate interaction, and in the 112 development of SEWGS cycles — all in all SEWGS is now classified on NASA’s 113 technology readiness level 5–6 (Jansen et al., 2013). Firstly, in sorbent preparation, 114 it has been shown that the Mg:Al ratio of the sorbent plays a crucial part (Oliveira 115 et al., 2008). Depending on this ratio and operating conditions, bulk MgCO3 can be 116 formed during adsorption, which leads to very high capacities (Walspurger et al., 117 2010; Maron ̃o et al., 2013), yet at the same time gives rise to CO2 slip and loss 118 of mechanical integrity in a SEWGS cycle (van Selow et al., 2009b). Secondly, 119 sorbent-sorbate interaction has been the subject of many studies, indicating that 120 different sites and mechanisms on the sorbent may play a role in the adsorption of 121 CO2 (2) and H2O (3) at the relevant temperature and partial pressure levels (Lee 122 et al., 2007; Ebner et al., 2007; Oliveira et al., 2008; Walspurger et al., 2010, 2011; 123 Wang et al., 2012; van Selow et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Maron ̃o et al., 2013, 124 2014; Boon et al., 2014). Thirdly, SEWGS cycles have received less attention so 125 far. Allam et al. (2005) have developed a SEWGS cycle in which the adsorption 126 step is followed by a high pressure rinse with repressurised CO2 product, in order 127 to remove syngas species present in the column voids and enhance the CO2 product 128 purity. In modelling studies by Wright et al. (2009) and van Selow et al. (2009a), 129 the use of rinse steam instead of CO2 was shown to significantly improve the ef- 130 ficiency of the cycle. Reijers et al. (2011) have simulated a steam rinse cycle and 131 shown the importance of rinse for the CO2 product purity and the CO2 recovery to 132 increase with increasing purge. For 90% carbon capture ratio and 98% CO2 purity, 133 they found an optimum S/Crinse of 0.55 and S/Cpurge of 1.3. For sorbent alpha, 134 Gazzani et al. (2013) used a S/Crinse of 0.44 and a S/Cpurge of 1.06 in order to 135 obtain 95% carbon capture ratio and 99% CO2 purity. Wright et al. (2011) have 136 shown that a significant improvement can be made to decrease steam consumption 137 by increasing the number of pressure equalisation steps from one to three, although 138 this must be balanced with higher investment costs because of the larger number 139 of columns. They arrived at a total S/C of 1.9 for precombustion CO2 capture in 140 an IGCC. Jansen et al. (2013) have shown the impact of purge steam on the carbon 141 capture ratio, and of both S/Crinse and S/Cpurge on the CO2 purity. 142 The state of the art SEWGS cycle follows a number of steps that govern the 143 performance of the process. The steps are schematically shown in Figure 1 for the 144 SEWGS cycle proposed in the current work, aiming at a high carbon capture ratio 145 and CO2 purity for a power plant configuration. First, during the adsorption step, 146 syngas is converted at high pressure through WGS (1), while CO2 is adsorbed 147 (2). Then, a high pressure rinse is performed, in which part of the unconverted 148 syngas in the column is replaced by H2O. The use of rinse originates from PSA 5PDF Image | High-temperature pressure swing adsorption cycle design for sorption
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