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CCR CP 100±0.01% 100.2 100 99.8 99.6 99.4 99.2 99 50 100 200 400 Number of grid points Figure 4: Cyclic steady state simulation result as a function of grid size, relative to result with 400 grid points (Case 1; 400 grid points yields carbon capture ratio 0.9666, CO2 purity 0.9960) 324 can reach the column outlet, in order to prevent a deterioration in carbon capture 325 ratio, the adsorption is stopped and a co-current H2O rinse is performed. The H2O 326 strongly adsorbs, yet some of the CO2 in the column is already displaced. The 327 well known roll-up (roll-over) effect, in which a weaker adsorbate is displaced by 328 a stronger adsorbate (Yang, 1987), is witnessed by the increase in CO2 concen- 329 tration just before the H2O front. The roll-up effect is rather subtle, which is due 330 to the relatively modest impact of steam upon the amount of CO2 adsorbed (see 331 Figure 2) when increasing the steam partial pressure from 7.3 bar in the feed to 332 24 bar in the rinse. A significant amount of steam is adsorbed, severely limiting the 333 progress of the H2O front in the column. During the subsequent pressure equal- 334 isations, however, the column pressure decreases and significant amounts of the 335 adsorbed CO2 and H2O are released as can be seen from the adsorbed concentra- 336 tions at the start of the depressurisation. Remarkably, little of the CO2 released has 337 been transferred to another column during the pressure equalisation steps. Rather, 338 it has been readsorbed further downstream in the column. This, of course, is an 339 important precondition in order to achieve a high carbon capture ratio during the 340 next cycle. Finally, the bulk of the CO2 desorbs and the product CO2 is collected 341 during the depressurisation and purge steps that follow. The majority of the CO2 is 342 recovered during depressurisation. During the steam purge still more CO2 desorbs, 343 and is largely recovered as CO2 product, although significant amounts of CO2 re- 15 Cyclic steady state [%]PDF Image | High-temperature pressure swing adsorption cycle design for sorption
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