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function tailored to a specific process allowed the industrial potential of zeolites to expand.3 This has produced zeolites today that are crucial to many industrial processes as adsorbents and catalysts. 2.1.2 Zeolite Composition and Structure Of the approximately 40 naturally occurring zeolites, only chabazite, faujasite, and mordenite are primarily used in industry. Commercially, the most important synthetically created zeolites are Type A, Type X or Y, synthetic mordenite, and all of their ion-exchanged variations.7 The composition of a zeolite consists of microporous crystalline aluminosilicates with a chemical formula of the form seen in equation 2.1: where M is a metal cation of valence n, x is 2.0 or more, and y is the moles of water in the pores. Cavities (or cages) within the zeolite structure are linked to other cavities by pores that allow adsorbate molecules to permeate into the structure. Zeolites differ from other adsorbents through their uniform crystalline structure that provides a well defined pore size for molecules to travel through, while also allowing them to act as effective molecular sieves. IUPAC convention classifies pores by their size as follows:8 1) Micropores: Less than 2 nm 2) Mesopores: Between 2-50 nm 3) Macropores: Greater than 50 nm Micropores, unlike larger mesopores and macropores, are able to trap guest molecules using their solid surface force field. The larger pores serve to assist with diffusion by allowing molecules to travel to the micropores easily. Zeolites have pore sizes less than 2 7PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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