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Figure 2.5 The five types of isotherms7 2.2.3 Diffusion in Microporous Adsorbents Diffusional resistances affect the approach to equilibrium in an adsorption process. There are three resistances to mass transfer related to an adsorbent particle. The first occurs around adsorbent particles as film resistance if the fluid is a mixture, due to accumulation of the less adsorbed component on the surface. The other two occur within the particle in the macro/mesopores between the crystals and in the micropores within the crystals themselves. These resistances are in series, but typically only one is rate controlling. Zeolites are also often synthesized with a porous binder material that holds the crystals together, especially for separation processes where a sudden change in pressure occurs. An example of a zeolite particle structure is represented in Figure 2.6. Macropore diffusion occurs in adsorbent pores significantly larger than the diameter of the diffusing sorbate. In zeolite particles, these exist between microporous crystals. When pore size is much greater than the mean free path of the sorbate molecules, diffusion occurs by bulk gas diffusion. At low pressures and with smaller 16PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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