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2.3 Air Separation by Pressure Swing Adsorption Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a process designed for efficient gas separation and purification by utilizing the ability of molecules to adsorb on the surface of an adsorbent. This study focuses only on equilibrium separation for oxygen production. Air separation utilizing equilibrium separation is feasible because nitrogen is selectively adsorbed over oxygen by X-type zeolites. 2.3.1 PSA Principles The basic premise of a PSA process involves one or more columns packed with an adsorbent (zeolite, carbon molecular sieve, etc.) that preferentially adsorbs one type of gas molecule over another. This normally occurs at some pressure above atmospheric pressure until the gas nearly saturates the column with the more strongly adsorbed gas molecule (heavy component). The “raffinate” product is the gas molecule type that adsorbs less (light component) and exits the product end of the column. Once a column is nearly saturated with the heavy component, it needs to be removed through regeneration (desorption) in order to reuse the column later in the process. Desorption is critical to process efficiency. As previously mentioned, adsorption equilibrium is determined by the gas composition, temperature, and pressure. A change in any of these properties can be used to regenerate the adsorbent in the column. Since desorption is the opposite of adsorption, the process is endothermic in nature. Desorption in a PSA process occurs through a change in column pressure and composition as they provide quicker methods of regeneration compared to a change in temperature. Desorption occurs at either atmospheric or vacuum pressure causing the pressure to swing from high 19PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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