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similar in that they both involve the input of feed gas and hence are referenced in the future as a combined “feed” step where the flow direction is defined as the same as the feed flow. The cycle works such that one column undergoes the feed step while the other is counter-currently blowing down and purging. The purge step involves passing a fraction of the purified light product through the column at low pressure after the blowdown step. Figure 2.8 illustrates the pressure variation in the column during each step. Skarstrom cycles usually operate their feed step at a pressure above atmospheric pressure while the blowdown and purge steps occur at pressure slightly above atmospheric to prevent a vacuum pump. Regeneration in a Skarstrom cycle occurs primarily by lowering the column partial pressure of nitrogen. The blowdown step accomplishes this by dropping the overall pressure to atmospheric pressure. The exit stream from the blowdown step is primarily composed of the heavy component concentration or “extract”. The purge step further lowers the nitrogen partial pressure by countercurrently flowing part of the purified oxygen product through the column. The purge step is perhaps the most important step because it pushes back the heavy component concentration front towards the feed side of the column, preventing negative effects on product purity in the next cycle. Product purity rises when the purge amount increases, but only to a maximum purity of 96%. Raising the purge amount also has an obvious negative impact of reducing recovery since it reduces the amount of product left available. At a higher column operating pressure, the portion of the product gas required for the purge step reduces because of the volume increase going from higher to lower pressure. 23PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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