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column small scale PSA process using very small 5A zeolite particles (63-75 μm in diameter). Other studies on packed columns of non-adsorbing particles further confirm that as particle size decreases, the influence of axial dispersion increases significantly.26,31 Other resistances also require consideration when using small particles. While the contribution of a film resistance is typically insignificant for large zeolite particles, this assumption also requires confirmation for small particles. Furthermore, it was recently suggested an additional skin resistance plays a prominent role in the mass transfer rate with small LiLSX particles.32 Skin resistance is attributed to a crystal density increase at the particle surface, which limits diffusion in the outer portion of the particle. A skin may result from shaping methods used during particle manufacture. Further evaluation of the mass transfer rate in columns of these particles is needed to confirm if this applies to all LiLSX particles. Axial dispersion effects may be overlooked when using a smaller particle size since particles in large scale adsorption processes rarely approach the size where they become significant. A rise in numerical and experimental studies utilizing small particles28, 33-38 increases the need to determine the controlling mass transfer resistance in these processes. It will also provide a better understanding of how to improve particle manufacturing methods. Recent advances in adsorbent production techniques target reducing the macropore resistance contribution. For large particles, pore diffusion has been demonstrated to improve significantly through a reduction in binder content using caustic digestion or by incorporating alternative binders.39-42 However, these same methodologies may not have the same effect on a process where macropore diffusional resistance no longer controls the mass transfer rate. 50PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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