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LiLSX particles; hence, it was considered insignificant for the analysis in this study. When axial dispersion effects are described through an overall MTC in the adsorption rate term in equation 3.12, a plug flow model replaces the axially dispersed plug flow model in equation 3.11. The linear addition approximation is useful when the axial dispersion term is significant in comparison to the other terms in equation 4.1. It has been demonstrated to provide a suitable MTC estimate even for highly non-linear systems.24, 43 For zeolites, the macropore resistance term in equation 4.1 is typically assumed to dominate koverall. However, for small particles, it has been demonstrated the axial dispersion and pore diffusion rate constants in equation 4.1 become comparable.28, 44 Furthermore, Wu et al.32 measured koverall experimentally for nitrogen on ~0.5 mm in diameter LiLSX particles and found a much smaller koverall increase than expected based on particle size reduction. While the increase in koverall was high enough to provide the increase in productivity necessary for oxygen generation using small scale PSA, an additional resistance is clearly present that is not accounted for using traditional correlations. The macropore term only accounts for ~1.4% of the overall resistance at a pressure of 2 atm and temperature of 303.1 K, while axial dispersion (24.8%) and film resistance (11.4%) play much larger roles. The authors suggest the remainder of the resistance (62.3%) is due to a skin. However, as demonstrated in a later section, using a literature correlation that properly accounts for higher axial dispersion effects in columns of small particles also explains the difference. 52PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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