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to quantify. While it has been recognized that the importance of pressure drop increases under faster cycling conditions,60-63 it has yet to be determined if column pressure drop impacts small scale PSA performance enough to justify considering it in process design. Pressure drop can reduce product recovery through the premature breakthrough of a stretched MTZ.60, 64 It may also reduce recovery through a higher purge step operating pressure, resulting in a larger loss in purge gas during this step.45, 65 The reason for a reduction in working capacity is more intuitive. Column pressure drop reduces the adsorption step nitrogen loading at the product end of the column. During the regeneration steps, the nitrogen unloading at the product end of the column is also reduced. Additionally, the pressure drop during regeneration steps is a larger fraction of absolute pressure; hence properties in the column vary more substantially from one end to the other during these steps. The previously cited studies largely focus on pressure drop effects during a specific step of a PSA cycle and not on the cumulative effect on process performance. A better understanding on how column pressure drop affects overall process operation is needed to better design small scale PSA processes. Several computational studies have attempted to accomplish this. A recent study provided an individual and cumulative assessment of how various mass, heat, and momentum resistances affect product recovery and productivity of a PSA process separating a mixture of nitrogen and helium.47 It demonstrated pressure drop had a small effect on recovery and productivity at cycle times under 4 seconds. Yang et al.66 also used a simulated multi-bed PSA process to show pressure drop has only a small influence on the performance of a PSA process separating a H2/CO mixture. While these computational efforts indicate pressure 62PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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