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The column length was sufficiently long such that entrance length had a negligible impact on the breakthrough results. 5.4.4 MTC Calculation In this study, breakthrough experiments were used to measure a MTC at a fixed pressure and room temperature while varying the velocity. Since axial dispersion and the film transfer coefficient both depend on velocity while intraparticle transport mechanisms (i.e. macropore/micropore diffusion and surface diffusion) do not, this provides a convenient method of determining the significance of diffusional limitations external to the particle. The overall MTC was estimated from experimental breakthrough experiments by integrating equation 3.12 between the limits defined as the MTZ.32 This gives equation 5.1: where t0.9 and t0.05 is the experimental time the dimensionless outlet nitrogen concentration, c/c0, reaches 0.9 and 0.05 respectively, c0 is the inlet nitrogen concentration, nN2 is the average adsorbed phase concentration of nitrogen over an adsorbent particle, and nN2* is the equilibrium value of the adsorbed phase concentration of nitrogen. Defining the MTZ in this manner is common practice since it is often difficult to detect where the MTZ exactly starts and stops, especially at higher gas velocities. It additionally avoids the long tail caused by deviation from isothermal operation due to temperature effects. Since the experiments were run at ambient conditions, some temperature rise in the column is inevitable due to the heat of 74PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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