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gases were vented to the atmosphere. The manifold had the flexibility to either allow one of the streams to be analyzed separately while the other was directed straight to the atmosphere, or allow both product and waste streams to be analyzed together. 5.5.4 Material Balances Material balances are important for PSA processes to validate process performance. A general balance for any system with no chemical reaction is represented as: To calculate material balances, the flow rate and composition of the entrance and exit streams were measured. The instantaneous molar flow rate, F, at different points in the process is useful for plotting a flow rate versus time chart. This visual representation of the data is useful for real time analysis and for determining CSS. However, for a process that involves constantly changing flow rates, a steady flow in and out of the process rarely occurs. When there is an absence of steady flow, material balances are conducted using a time averaged molar flow rate, , which for each flow meter was calculated as: where t is the time interval over which the average is taken. Using a multiple of cycle time for the time interval provides a better flow average. Material balance calculations are based on the amount of gas into and out of the process on a per cycle basis. The 87PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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