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velocities, hence changing the amount of column pressure drop. Further column details are provided in Table 5.4. The cycle type was a traditional feed pressurization cycle with an additional product end equalization step. The cycle steps included: 1) feed pressurization 2) production 3) co-equalization 4) blowdown 5) purge 6) counter- equalization. For Tables 5.5 and 5.6, the time of steps 1 and 2 are combined and called the “Feed press./Production” step. The switch from pressurization to production (traditional feed step) is automatically controlled by a set back pressure controller. PSA experiments were designed to study the effect of cycle time and column pressure drop on process performance. To accomplish this, all other process parameters (e.g. pressure ratio, purge/feed ratio) were held constant as cycle time was decreased. Experimental conditions for each cycle are detailed in Tables 5.5 and 5.6. It should be noted the synthetic air used in the experiments does not contain argon, water, or carbon dioxide, making pure oxygen product possible. In comparison, the maximum attainable oxygen purity of an ambient air fed system is around 96% since LiLSX zeolites cannot separate oxygen and argon. With synthetic air, an average oxygen purity of 96% was chosen as the purity requirement because it approximately corresponds to an oxygen purity of 92-93% with ambient air, commonly used for personal oxygen concentrators.. The P/F ratio was selected based on these purity requirements. Equalization times were chosen by pressure measurements on the two columns. Overall and individual material balances for a cycle were closed within 5%. All data was taken after CSS. CSS was assumed when the column pressure at the end of each step, inlet/exit flowrates, and oxygen purity varied less than 1% for 15-20 cycles. The pressure ratios were selected in the range of a typical small scale air separation process. The cited pressure ratios 94PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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