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6.1.4 Skin Resistance Skin resistance has also been cited as a possible reason for a lower than expected MTC based on typical correlations.32 A skin, or change in density/porosity/composition of a particle near the external surface, is the consequence of some particle manufacturing methods. In particular, extrusion is a popular method for particle formation, which inevitably results in a skin on the particles. The SEM images in Figure 6.5 provide a visual example of a skin formed through extrusion in our lab using a material similar to LiLSX and a common binder. However, the current state of the art for manufacturing spherical particles on an industrial scale does not involve extrusion. Particles are rather formed by the addition of water to a mixture of zeolite and binder in a rotating drum.42, 77 While this does not completely eliminate the existence of a skin, it significantly reduces skin formation since there are no high stress flow of the extrusion mixture. SEM images of a spherical particle used in this study are included in Figure 6.6. No noticeable difference in density is visible at the particle surface where a skin would form. It has been suggested a skin resistance accounts for up to 65% of the total resistance for LiLSX particles.32 If skin resistance was this significant, it would be visible in an SEM image like in Figure 6.5. While an SEM image cannot eliminate the possibility of a skin resistance, it does justify considering the contribution negligible as suggested by our experimental results. A further indication skin resistance is not significant is that it would primarily affect the estimation of τp and would not be a function of gas velocity. However, the results of this study clearly show the MTC varies significantly with velocity and the estimation of τp, hence Dp, is reasonable. 112PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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