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6.3. Adsorbent Utilization Limit in Small Scale PSA An adsorbent utilization limit (minimum BSF) represents another important limitation of small scale PSA that is not well understood, especially for a two column process. While some single column studies have indicated it exists,30,35,38,59 it has never been demonstrated for a dual-column process. Hence, it is valuable to determine if a minimum also occurs for a dual-column process, and more importantly what causes it. The purpose of the last set of experiments was to measure a minimum BSF for a small scale dual-column PSA process so that the cause of it may be better understood. The experimental system and column size is the same as the pressure drop study, as outlined in Chapter 5. The primary difference between the two studies is the removal of the equalization step to simplify the analysis. 6.3.1 Measurement of a Minimum BSF Figure 6.16 illustrates that oxygen recovery for both sets of columns declines with faster cycling, which is consistent with the results from the pressure drop study. At each pressure ratio, the decline is linear with cycle time until ~ 3.8 seconds, where the slope of the decline increases. Figure 6.17 shows a minimum BSF around the same cycle time for each pressure ratio, which demonstrates that the cycle time of a minimum BSF is not a strong function of pressure ratio in our experimental range. Previous experimental results for single column processes are mixed on whether pressure ratio affects the cycle time a minimum BSF develops. One study showed pressure ratio affects the cycle time of a minimum BSF (although no trend was found),78 while another shows it does not.38 The minimum BSF developing at the same cycle time for both column sets confirms the 127PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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