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other is that the end of the column most affected by column pressure drop (product end) is the least loaded/unloaded with nitrogen, which somewhat mitigates the effect of pressure drop on the column working capacity. This study includes and goes slightly beyond the flow regime where Darcy’s law is valid. Thus, these conclusions are only appropriate for this flow regime using similar size particles (dp ~ 0.5 mm). This regime is often where small scale PSA processes using these particles operate. It should be noted that cycles using much smaller particles, such as those described by Galbraith et al79 (dp ~ 0.15 mm), may have high enough pressure drop to invalidate these conclusions. Column pressure drop is sometimes cited as a concern when using small particles and small scale PSA. However, the experimental results suggest that within our experimental range, a long, thin column design achieved a similar BSF with a higher oxygen recovery than a short, wide column design. Since the long, thin column design operated with roughly double the pressure drop per unit column length, pressure drop clearly had little effect on process performance. Therefore, pressure drop concerns do not seem justified for small scale air separation processes that operate in a flow regime and with a column length and particle size similar to this study. While it should not be ignored, especially for modeling purposes, its effect on process performance is negligible compared to other more likely explanations, such as mass and heat transfer resistances. 7.3. On the Existence of a Minimum BSF This study experimentally demonstrates a minimum BSF exists for a two column, small scale PSA process. The cycle time a minimum BSF occurred was not found to be a strong function of pressure ratio. The experimental data was further used to demonstrate the usefulness of an available literature BSF model.44 It was found that the data was well 138PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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