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1 Introduction 2 Fig. 1-2 Overview of U.S. industrial gases market size in million USD; detailed data unavailable [9] At present, the production of nitrogen from the air is carried out mainly by three methods: cryogenic distillation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and membrane separation [10]. The selection of a suitable technique is primarily based on the required production rate, load profiles, utilisation (e.g. operating hours per week), and purity level of the product gas. As presented in Fig. 1-3, the operation of cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) is the most efficient method if large amounts of high-purity nitrogen are demanded; whereas the utilisation of membranes would be preferred when the requirement for either quantity and purity is lower. The PSA technology for nitrogen generation is commercially established in the intermediate area, for product flow rates up to several thousand m3n/h (at 0 °C, 1 bar abs) and product purity levels up to 10 ppm of the residual oxygen concentration. In order to provide an engineering tool for selecting the most economic technology of nitrogen production, a decision tree was proposed by Emrani et al. [11], which is shown in Fig. 1-4. Therefore, the most suitable technique can be selected based on heuristic rules along with literature data implemented within the selection diagram according to Fig. 1-3. Fig. 1-3 Selection diagram for the N2-production techniquePDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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