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1 Introduction 6 Fig. 1.1-4 Process block diagram of PSA technology Moreover, multiple process variables and cycle organisation strategies give an opportunity for customising the system to specific requirements, which allow for the prospect of minimised operating costs. Thus, very different measures can be considered for intensifying PSA processes, including the application of improved separation materials as well as the configuration of the installation. Related thoughts are e.g. multi-bed PSA systems [18], trim feed concepts [19], dual-reflux concepts [20], hybrid systems [21], or opting for vacuum-PSA (VPSA) instead of PSA systems. Additionally, if the product gas is required on the low-pressure level, the recovery of pressure energy from the product stream by microturbines coupled with electric power generators is also a potential development. Furthermore, the particle diameter can play a significant role as a measure for intensifying processes – depending on the mass transfer controlling steps from bulk to particle internal adsorption sites for the considered adsorbent [22]. Unfortunately, many of the listed concepts are not feasible in high-purity N2- PSA plants since the commercially established nitrogen productivity range of maximum a few thousand m3n/h makes those approaches unaffordable at present. Fig. 1.1-5 Industrial-scale twin-bed N2-PSA skid [23] Thus, taking into consideration all the reasons presented here, the introduction of a mathematical model that quantitively predicts the performance of PSA-plants at different operating conditions would eliminate the necessity of performing extensive experimental research, and allow investigating new methods of process intensification with a particular focus on implementation of energy-saving strategies.PDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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