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4 Experimental program Tab. 4.2-1 Adsorber column properties Parameter Column external diameter [mm] Packed bed length [mm] Mass of adsorbent [g] 37 Left Adsorber 70 ± 1 582 ± 1 1416.89 ± 0.01 Right Adsorber 70 ± 1 580 ± 1 1408.42 ± 0.01 Column length [mm] 594 ± 1 594 ± 1 Column internal diameter [mm] 66 ± 1 66 ± 1 Packed bed volume [l] 1.990 ± 0.006 1.983 ± 0.006 Filling bulk density [g/l] 712.005 ± 2.158 710.247 ± 2.161 The feed gas in section (a) supplies ambient air compressed up to 11 bar abs by a compressor (KAESER Airtower 3), which is equipped with a refrigeration dryer and a hydrocyclone for moisture removal. The feed streamline further consists of a 500 L compressed air tank, followed by a 0.01 μm sieve filter and an activated carbon filter (Omega Air) for a subsequent exclusion of solid particles and oil vapours. The pressure is controlled by a Norgren manual pressure regulator (PC 4). The feed flow rate is measured by a thermal mass flow meter (FM 4) from Bronkhorst, type F-112AC. The air distribution system of the two adsorbers in section (b) contains a stainless steel perforated plate and a layer of a metal wire mesh placed at the bottom of the bed. The two stainless steel adsorber columns (A1 and A2) are packed with Shirasagi MSC CT-350 by the snowstorm filling method. A coconut fiber mat is placed at the top of the adsorbent bed to fix the packed bed even under strong pressure fluctuations. Four thermocouples type K (TIR 1-4) from TMH and four pressure transmitters (PIR 1-4) from Aplisens, type PCE-28.SMART, are placed at equal intervals along the wall of columns in order to measure temperature and pressure distributions inside the packed bed. Additionally, the closing flange of both adsorbers is equipped with a pressure transmitter (PIR 5, PIR 6) to track the pressure variation at the top of the packed bed. The product receiver vessel is installed together with temperature (TIR 10) and pressure (PIR 9) sensors. Moreover, temperature indicators (Aplisens CTX) are placed in the feed pipeline (TIR 3), as well as inside of the climate chamber (TIR 2) for an operating temperature control. Thermal mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst F-201AV and F-201CV) are installed for the regulation of the flow rates of product (FC 7) and purge* (FC 8) streams. Two output streams – the product gas and the tail gas – are analysed in order to measure their oxygen concentration. Oxygen analysers (Michell XZR400A4 and Servomex MultiExact 5400) are adapted for the measurement of trace amounts in the product gas (ppm range) by a zirconium dioxide sensor (QO2 14.1) and of the tail gas concentration by a high-precision paramagnetic sensor (QO2 14.2). A drum-type gas meter (FM 11) determines the flow rate of the tail gas (Ritter TG1/5). Due to the non-continuous flow of the tail gas stream during the PSA process cycle, the tail gas is periodically collected in a rubber holder whenever the determination of the oxygen concentration and the flow rate are required. The test unit is equipped with externally piloted bi-directional pneumatic solenoid valves (V1- 14) from Festo MF series, allowing the leak-tight operation in both flow directions. The system is fully automated by a PLC system (Beckhoff Automation), coded in TwinCAT 3TM software. * supplying the purge from the N2-receiver allows a precise control of purge flow rate and purge time slots; in practice, however, a simpler realisation is preferredPDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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