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5 Validation of the mathematical model 48 elevated and the mass transfer rate is inhibited at the same time at low process temperatures. The opposite relationship is observed at high operating temperatures. Consequently, the maximum nitrogen productivity is detected at moderate ambient temperatures providing a trade-off between the equilibrium and kinetics factors. At the product purity of 1000 ppm O2, the productivity is underestimated with the highest simulation error at 5 °C. It is most likely the consequence of the IAST prediction, which is comparably weak at low temperatures as presented in Fig. 3.3-3. However, at 10 ppm O2, the highest relative error of the simulated productivity is detected at 45 °C, which indicates that probably inaccuracies of other effects superimposing the relative error. Fig. 5.1.1-1 PSA performance at different operating temperatures: (a, b) productivity; (c, d) air demand; (a, c) as a function of product purity; (b, d) as a function of operating temperature The lowest air demand was measured at 5 °C and 12 °C, at purity levels of 10 and 1000 ppm O2, respectively; however, the mathematical model predicts a minimum at about 20 °C regardless the product purity. It comes as no surprise since both of the determined performance indicators, productivity and air demand, are not independent from each other. They are a function of the required nitrogen purity, as well as of applied process conditions. Therefore, thePDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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