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5 Validation of the mathematical model 62 in the function of controlled flow resistances in the piping system, a multi-parameter optimisation should be executed. Additionally, the trim of both top and bottom equalisation control valves has been experimentally investigated, whilst other control valves have remained in their individual optimum position of the stem. The effect on the PSA performance of the asymmetric settings was considered at reference process conditions. The results are presented in Tab. 5.3.1-3–4. In the case of pressure equalisation exclusively through the bottom equalisation pipeline, the targeted oxygen residual concentration in the product gas could not be accomplished at both investigated product purity levels. The same effect is observed while performing the pressure equalisation exclusively through the top pipeline at high product purity level. Tab. 5.3.1-2 Experimental PSA performance at minimised and optimised controlled flow resistances in the piping system at reference process conditions Product purity [ppm O2] 10 1000 10 1000 10 1000 Productivity [m3n/h N2 / m3 CMS] Minimised controlled flow resistances 12.67 80.65 Optimised controlled flow resistances 29.64 97.35 Increment [%] 133.94 20.71 Air demand [m3n/h air / m3n/h N2] 15.93 3.49 7.78 3.18 -51.16 -8.88 At the product purity of 1000 ppm O2 the favourable pressure equalisation strategy proved to be an asymmetric setting with a 2/3 of the gas transferred through the top equalisation pipeline and a 1/3 through the bottom one. However, at the product purity of 10 ppm O2, the favourable pressure equalisation strategy maintains a symmetric setting of equalisation control valves. Tab. 5.3.1-3 Effect of the asymmetric pressure equalisation on the PSA performance at product purity of 1000 ppm O2 (1/3) + (2/3) 12.5 + 37.5 84.50 3.47 (2/3) + (1/3)* 37.5 + 12.5 99.15 3.13 * Favourable pressure equalisation strategy The observed effect is directly related to the development of the mass transfer zone within the adsorbent fixed-bed in the cyclic steady state (CSS) conditions, which can be tracked via the Pressure equalisation (Top) + (Bottom) Stem position [%-opening] Productivity [m3n/h N2 / m3 CMS] Air demand [m3n/h air / m3n/h N2] (0) + (1) 0 + 100 - - (1/2) + (1/2) 25 + 25 97.35 3.18 (1) + (0) 100 + 0 84.25 3.52PDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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