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Chapter 4. Explicit/Multi-Parametric MPC Control of PSA Systems 4.3.2 PSA Dynamic Simulations To evaluate the performance of PSA system under consideration, dynamic sim- ulation studies are conducted with the set of model and boundary conditions described in section 4.3.1. In these simulations, it is further assumed that all nine process steps have the time durations shown in equation (4.19). tcodep1 trepress tads tcycle = tcodep2 = tcodep3 = tblowdown = tpurge = tpe1 =tpe2 =τ =2×τ =3×τ =12×τ (4.19) In the rest of this chapter, also the notations section). The details of feed stream, PSA geometrical design parameters, and other modeling parameters are provided in tables 4.5 and 4.6. Initially, all beds are assumed to be saturated with 100 % pure H2 (∂QH2 /∂t = 0) at feed temperature and pressure of 7 bar, 2.5 bar, 2.5 bar, and 7 bar, respectively. As the dynamic simulations proceed, the PSA system evolves cycle by cycle to a state where all the differential and algebraic variables in the model have (prac- tically) the same values at the start and the end of a cycle. Therefore, for all x = x(P, Ci, T, Qi, Q∗i , U); x(t) = x(t + tcycl). This is an important property of the PSA operation and is referred to as the cyclic steady state (CSS). Figure 4.4. shows the cycle-wise evolution to CSS of two key PSA performance indicators, the product purity and the product recovery, given by Equations (4.20) and (4.21). τ will be referred to as the adsorption time (see 74PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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