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Chapter 5. Simultaneous Design and Control Optimization of PSA Systems Under Uncertainty tial approach is the most widely used ones by the process design community [143, 114, 52]. Nonetheless, in the last few decades, the importance of incorporating real- time operability aspects during the design stage itself has been greatly empha- sized. Some of the early contributions in this field [86, 100], albeit focussing on simplified linear systems, suggested various analytical tools and indices [150, 110] while providing meaningful insights into ways of integrating design and control formulations. A detailed survey of important contributions in this field is shown in Table 5.1, while Table 5.2 presents some more recent work in this area. An important trend which has emerged from the past studies is the wide acceptance of optimization based method [113, 98, 12, 15, 99] and their applications to var- ious systems such as distillation columns [14, 13, 138], CSTRs [59] and systems represented by reduced models [131, 130]. 5.1.2 PSA Optimization A rigorous and detailed model, on one hand is extremely important for mim- icking the real operation with accuracy, while on the other hand it can also be computationally challenging to solve for for modeling and optimization purposes. Further challenges are posed by the fact that the PSA operation is periodic in nature and never attains a true steady state, requiring computationally expensive simulations to be carried out for hundreds of cycles until cyclic steady state is established. Table 5.3 outlines some of the key contributions in the PSA optimization field, highlighting the trade-offs between the model reduction approaches to reduce system complexity, and methodologies to directly evaluate the CSS conditions with detailed models. Note that most of these studies focusses on the acceleration of cyclic steady state (CSS) to minimize the computational load related to the 100PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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