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Chapter 5. Simultaneous Design and Control Optimization of PSA Systems Under Uncertainty with CSS error (Eq. 5.1) as the objective function to be minimized, and initial conditions as decision variables, while also studying the effect of various types of sensitivity evaluation methods. 5.1.2.2 Unibed Approach The unibed framework, first mentioned in the work of Kumar et al. [84], at- tempts to reduce the PSA system size by employing only one bed for simulation purposes. The three key facts related to PSA operation which are exploited in the formulation are the following. 1. All adsorption columns of a PSA system for a fixed PSA cycle undergoes same sequence of processing steps but with a fixed time lag. 2. The duration of a particular processing step for any adsorption column is exactly the same. 3. During the process steps where two columns are interconnected to each other, any column will only require the process conditions information of the bed end (connecting end) of the other bed while interacting. Consequently, the temporal profiles of the effluent streams for the bed-interconnecting steps are stored separately, and utilized later in the cycle, thereby eliminating the need for extra beds to perform the full operation. For example, for a four column PSA system only a single column is actually simulated and during the process- ing steps such as co-current depressurization step where the bed is connected to an other bed undergoing counter-current pressure equalization, the effluent tem- poral profiles of pressure, temperature, species gaseous concentration etc. are stored to be later used as influent temporal profiles during the corresponding pressure-equalization step. One key assumption here is the independence of the 106PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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