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Chapter 5. Simultaneous Design and Control Optimization of PSA Systems Under Uncertainty in only one step (per bed) and then discontinued, this result seems quite logical, and can be attributed to the fact that it is during the feed step that actual recovery of product happens, which the optimizer attempts to maximize 2. The system spends least amount of time in the pressurization/blowdown stage. This is because for the given PSA cycle, the system aims to quickly repressurize the column (from feed) in an attempt to minimize the impurity intake during this time, as well quickly depressurize (blowdown) the column to minimize the product losses in the off gas To further assess the design performance, dynamic simulations are performed [56] with the optimal PSA system listed in Table 5.9, and feed composition pa- rameter fixed at 70 % value. In the following, this design configuration will be referred to as the nominal PSA design. The spatial variation of gas phase concentration of impurity component at the end of each processing step at CSS is shown in Figure 5.3. Figures 5.3 and 5.4, in particular illustrate the impurity adsorption and desorption dynamics for each PSA process step. During the feed mode, 20 % of bed (towards the feed end) is almost saturated with methane. By the end of depressurization step, the impurity front moves slightly forward as the product end is now open in order to pressurize the other column undergoing pressure equalization. This behavior also emphasizes the importance of each processing step duration. For example, a little extra long depressurization step can lead to impurity leaving the product end to the clean product end of the other column. On the other hand, a shorter duration step will not completely utilize the high purity product available at high pressure, some of which will be lost with the off gas in the next step (blowdown). Blowdown step marks the start of the adsorbent regeneration stage, 125PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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