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PG&E GAS R&D AND INNOVATION TECHNICAL ANALYSIS: PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION Since this cycle contains four phases, it is common for PSA units to have four columns. The PSA cycle usually lasts between 2-10 minutes long. Figure 2 Illustration of the Skarstrom Cycle (Bauer, 2012) The vent gas can be torched (if the methane content is high enough), or it can be catalytically oxidized in a special vessel to prevent methane leakage. Another option is for the vent gas to be combined with the raw biogas to be combusted to produce heat to be used locally. Typically, multiple vessels are used in parallel to improve energy efficiency and to smooth gas production rate. Drawbacks of PSA Compared to other upgrading technologies, there is a relatively high amount of methane that is captured in the off gas rather than the captured gas. This off gas with require further upgrading if you are looking for a pure CO2 stream. Methane recovery rates can range from 60 to 80%. The balance of methane leaves the system in the tail gas with the desorbed CO2. This tail gas can be upgraded further by recycling back into the PSA system. Moisture will need to be removed prior to biogas entering PSA system because water can block the adsorbent’s micropores, reducing system performance. Could require high levels of electricity to achieve high pressure levels used in the process. (Grande, 2011) “PG&E” refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation. © 2019 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved. PAGE 6 OF 12PDF Image | Pressure Swing Adsorption Technical Analysis
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