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strontium and 50% to 95% lithium.9 This material provided for enhanced nitrogen adsorption over those of the Na-X, Li-X, and Ca-X zeolites. Chao et al. reported the use of mixed ion-exchanged A and X zeolites with lithium and an alkaline earth metal (e.g., Ca2+, Sr2+).8 In this case the zeolite contained lithium and the alkaline earth cations in a mixture of 10% to 70% alkaline earth and 30% to 90% lithium. These mixed cation zeolites provided high adsorption capacity and high thermal stability. Fitch et al. reported good N2/O2 selectivity and N2 capacity with mixed LixAly-X zeolite (i.e., using Ag3+ as the non-framework charge-compensating cation).12 Silver is also known to have very strong effects on the adsorption characteristics of zeolites.13,14 Yang et al. reported the synthesis of a mixed lithium-silver (80/20) ion- exchanged X-type zeolite (Si/Al = 1.25 with approximately 17 Ag+ per unit cell), and discussed its possible superior properties for air separation.15 This sorbent utilized the very strong adsorptive properties of the Ag+ ion which provided for increased capacity over that of the Li-X while maintaining some degree of the advantageous isotherm linearity that is seen with Li-X. Ab inito molecular orbital calculations showed the adsorption of nitrogen was enhanced by weak chemical interaction (through a classical π- complexation bond) with the Ag+ cation on the zeolite framework.16 Numerous attempts have been made to reduce transition metal ions in zeolites for the purpose of forming highly dispersed metallic clusters for use as catalysts. These attempts have typically been completed via treatment at elevated temperatures and/or in reducing atmospheres (e.g., sodium vapor, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas). However, color changes upon vacuum dehydration of silver-exchanged A-type zeolites were found to be related to the formation of metallic clusters within the sodalite cage or 50PDF Image | PSA USING SUPERIOR ADSORBENTS
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