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Numerous studies have also been undertaken to identify the location of Ag+ ions and Ag-clusters, typically by X-ray diffraction methods17,18,21,22 and far-infrared spectroscopy.20,28 It was found that, for dehydrated, fully Ag+-exchanged faujasite-type zeolites, the silver cations (or ground state atoms) were distributed among the six-ring sites (SI, SI’, and SII for type X) and, for samples with high Al content, in the SIII locations. Gellens et al. and Baker et al. showed the simultaneous occupancy of sites SI and SI’ by linear (Ag+-Ag0-Ag+) clusters.20,21 In general, all studies seemed to indicate that the Ag cations and atoms preferred the SI and SI’ sites. No studies have been conducted to identify the location of Li+ and Ag+ cations in mixed LixAgy-zeolites. While it has been shown that the Ag+ ions prefer the SI and SI’ locations, it is known that the Li+ ions also strongly prefer the SI’ sites. Both of these sites are sterically inaccessible to the N2 and O2 molecules; so the formation of silver clusters in these locations may not have a strong effect on the overall adsorptive characteristics of the mixed LixAgy-X zeolites. Therefore, it is expected that the clusters, in these mixed cation zeolites, are instead formed at the N2 and O2 accessible SII and/or SIII locations due to competition with the Li+ cations for the preferred SI and SI’ locations. Logically, Ag-cluster formation at the SII sites would most enhance the adsorptive characteristics of mixed LixAgy-X zeolites since these sites have been shown to be non-interactive when occupied with Li+ ions. Kim and Seff identified the location of Ag in mixed NaxAgy-A zeolites and found that the Ag ions prefer six-ring sites (such as the SI, SI’ and SII in the X zeolites).29 This may indicate a preference for the SII sites in type X zeolites when the SI and SI’ sites are unavailable (due to competition with Li+). 62PDF Image | PSA USING SUPERIOR ADSORBENTS
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