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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research pubs.acs.org/IECR Article Figure 10. Breakthrough curves sampled through 2000 cycles of zeolite 13X (a). The uptake capacity of zeolite 13X over 2000 cycles as determined by breakthrough time (red, ○), regeneration region integration (blue, Δ), averaged breakthrough analysis (purple, ■), and TGA (black, ⧫) with a linear fit of the TGA data (black, −) (b). The residual error of breakthrough time analysis (red, ○), regeneration region integration (blue, Δ), and averaged breakthrough analysis (purple, ■) compared to a linear fit of the TGA data (c). Only every 10th cycle is recorded and reported. Table 1. Comparison of the Residual Difference between Two Breakthrough Plot Analysis Methods and the Linear Fit of the TGA Water Uptake Determinations al.,20 and this work were collected at different regeneration temperatures (T = 200, 260, and 280 °C, respectively) with different material sources, which could all be factors resulting in different results. Material purity and possible support material can also be important. Comparing the results of zeolite 4A with those of zeolite 13X, it is apparent that zeolite 4A is more stable in these experimental conditions, where our internally consistent regeneration conditions showed that zeolites 4A and 13X lost 7 ± 3 and 19 ± 7% of the adsorption capacity, respectively. From the literature, it is known that zeolite 4A is thermally stable up to T = 800 °C,27−29 while zeolite 13X is less thermally stable showing degradation in the range of T = 200− 350 °C.30,31 average residual /% zeolite 4A zeolite 13X breakthrough time analysis 3 ± 3 5 ± 8 integration analysis 3 ± 4 2 ± 3 P value 1.000 <.0001 averaged analysis 1 ± 1 1 ± 1 work of Belding et al.20 appears consistent and the comparison of the results for zeolite 4A shows reasonable agreement to some of the work from Ruthven;17 however, the variance within the Ruthven data is large. We note that a direct comparison is difficult, as the results of Ruthven,17 Belding et Figure 11. Comparison of the literature results with the work reported herein. Zeolite 4A from this work (black, ○) with a linear fit (black, −) and from the work of Ruthven17 (red, ×) with a line (red, − −) to draw the eye. Zeolite 13X from this work (black, Δ) with a linear fit (black, −) and from the work of Belding et al.20 (blue, ◊ and □) with a line (blue, − −) to draw the eye. Data from this study have been averaged over 50 cycles. 7492 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00469 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 7487−7494PDF Image | Rapid Cycling Thermal Swing Adsorption Apparatus
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