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16 Experimental 2.3 Breakthrough profiles, Papers A-D & F The NaX structured adsorbents were also characterized by measuring the CO2 break- through profile with step change experiments. The experimental setup consisted of a gas feed section, an adsorption column and a gas analysis section, and is schematically shown in Figure 2.2. The column was 30 cm long and 2.1 cm in diameter. The structured ad- sorbents or zeolite beads were placed in the adsorption column and were activated under a nitrogen flow (99.995%, Linde Gas) of 0.2 l/min at 300◦ C for 3 hours with a heating and cooling rate of 2◦C/min. The samples were thereafter cooled to room temperature. At time zero, the feed was switched from N2 to a 0.2, 0.5 or 1 l/min flow of 10% CO2 in N2 using a pneumatic actuator (switching time of less than 0.1 s). The concentration of CO2 in the gas exiting the column was measured as a function of time using a CO2 analyzer (IR 1507 fast response CO2 infrared transducer). The goal of the experiments was to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficient k. The experimental breakthrough curves were shifted by the delay time stemming from the volume of tubing and valves, and the analytic solution of the breakthrough curve provided by Klinkenberg, see eq. 1.6, was fitted to the experimental data with k as the parameter to be fitted. The effective diffusivity for the structured adsorbents was subsequently estimated using equations 1.9 or 1.10. Figure 2.2: Scheme of the apparatus used for the pressure drop and breakthrough measurements. To evaluate the potential use of structured ZSM-5 adsorbents for NOx adsorption, NO2 adsorption was measured by mounting the ZSM-5 film samples in a quartz tube, which was heated with an electrical heater. The set up is shown in Figure 2.3. Prior to tests, the sample was activated at 500◦C for 15 minutes in a feed of 8% O2 in Ar with a flow rate of 3000 cm3/min (STP). The sample was then cooled to 30 or 200◦C for NO2 adsorption. At the beginning of the adsorption experiment (time = 0), the feedPDF Image | Structured Zeolite Adsorbents for PSA Applications
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