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3.3.1. Energetic requirements for the different processes For fair comparison of energetic cost, PSA/VSA/TSA processes are compared for conditions with purities above 80% of CO2. All three materials can reach this condition, according to the previous discussion, although only TSA and VSA processes can achieve recovery and purities above 90%, values commonly required for CCS specifications.113 The additional fixed bed parameters used in swing adsorption processes simulations are provided in Table S2 in the Supplementary Material. The higher the desorption temperature in TSA or the lower the desorption pressure in VSA, the higher the thermal energy or adiabatic work required. Decreasing the regeneration pressure in VSA processes from 0.1 to 0.05bar increases the adiabatic work per cycle by 30-40% approximately, but can be compensated with the extra amount of CO2 recovered. In addition, desorption temperature significantly affects both the CO2 working capacity and the thermal regeneration energy.86 Consequently, there must be a tradeoff between energy costs and increased working capacities. Figures S19 to S21 (see Supplementary Material) show the variation of working capacity and energy required per cycle calculated by means of Eqs. (4) to (6), as a function of desorption condition. The variation of purity, recovery and specific energy consumption with desorption pressure in VSA processes, adsorption pressure in PSA processes and desorption temperature in TSA processes are presented in Figures S22-24 in the Supplementary Material. Parameters implication on the process performance can be found elsewhere for mixtures without impurities and are omitted here.39,84,109,110,112 The evolution of the specific energy consumption (i.e., the required energy per tonne of CO2 captured and separated) with the increase of impurities percentage in the 39PDF Image | swing adsorption processes for CO2 capture in selected MOFs and zeolites
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