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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In order for manned-space flight to occur it is necessary to have processes to revitalize the spacecraft’s cabin air by removing trace amounts of certain airborne contaminants including CO2. A process is required to remove the 1 kg produced by an average person under normal activity per day to maintain the amount of CO2 below 10,000 ppm, the level at which CO2 becomes toxic. Currently, NASA employs an adsorption process that revitalizes the cabin air aboard the International Space Station (ISS) called the carbon dioxide removal assembly (CDRA).3 The CDRA is an open-loop 4 bed molecular sieve (4BMS) with 2 desiccant beds to remove water vapor from the feed stream to prevent reduction of the CO2 capacity due to water contamination in the adsorbent beds. CO2 is then removed and vented to space and the water vapor is recuperated from the desiccant beds. This is an effective and well understood system, but as the duration of the missions in space increases it is necessary to develop a more energy efficient system that recovers and converts the CO2 to O2. By adding a Sabatier reactor, the CO2 can be reacted with hydrogen to form O2 and methane, thus making the overall air revitalization a closed-loop process in regards to water and O2.3 However, in order for the Sabatier reaction to occur, the CO2 feed stream needs to be approximately 95% pure and at a pressure slightly above atmospheric. To achieve the feed requirements of the Sabatier subsystem, the existing CDRA would be replaced with a two-stage temperature-swing adsorption compres- sor (TSAC),1 which would sequester, concentrate, and pressurize the CO2 from the cabin environment. The TSA compression subsystem would contain an adsorbent 1PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION COMPRESSION AND MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
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