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that preferentially adsorbs CO2 , such as 5A zeolite or NaY zeolite. An exploded view of the conceptual design of a TSAC is shown in Figure 1.1. The first bed would remove CO2 from the process stream at a temperature of 25◦C and a partial pressure of about 2 mmHg, revitalizing the cabin air. The first stage would then be heated to 200◦C , and begin bleeding the sorbent’s store of CO2 to the cool second stage until an equilibrium pressure is reached. Once the second stage equilibrates with the first stage, it is closed off and energy is supplied to the electrical resistance heaters. The second stage, operating as a compressor, would then deliver a supply of CO2 at 1000 mm Hg to the Sabatier Reactor until a final temperature of 200◦C is reached. The design of the two stage subsystem will be such that the desorbing first stage and the producing second stage are thermally coupled to reduce heat losses to the sur- roundings.2–4 By using a TSA compressor as opposed to conventional compressors, the number of moving parts would be reduced with the compression of CO2 relying solely on the physical properties of CO2 and the adsorbent used. To reduce the energy requirements of the air revitilization system, it is im- portant to replace the existing desiccant beds in CDRA since the majority of energy required is used to desorb the water. A shell and tube membrane composed of a water selective polymer created by DuPont, i.e., Nafion⃝R , could reduce the volume needed for the desiccant beds thus reducing the energy requirement. Representative membrane modules consisting of a single tube or a bundle of 50 tubes have previ- ously been characterized and validated by Ye and LeVan.5,6 In their papers, they concluded that a fully hydrated membrane module is capable of removing up to 85% of the water in a tube-side feed stream. This would suggest that the size of residual desiccant beds would only need to be 15% of the size of the desiccant beds currently used, which further suggests a savings of 85% in energy. A schematic of the suggested integrated membrane and TSAC system is shown in Figure 1.2. The cool moist air supplied by the temperature and humidity control 2PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION COMPRESSION AND MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
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