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in Table 2.2 were then calculated using equation 2.1 for the appropriate conditions. The loading that is calculated with this isotherm is an equilibrium loading. However, a dynamic system such as the one being used for stage 1 never reaches equilibrium. Therefore, a percent bed utilization term, η, is multiplied by the loading to account for this. Based on previous experience, the percent bed utilization of the system is very dependent on the partial pressure, ranging from 70% to 90%. For this system a conservative bed utilization of 79% was chosen based on prior experience at NASA Marshall. The estimated bed volume is then 1mol CO2 V=167gCO2∗ 44gCO ∗ 1 P P (2.16) niρbη+ε′RT − nfρbη+ε′RT Using the properties in Table 2.1 and the equilibrium loadings calculated from equa- tion 2.1, volumes were calculated from equation 2.16, where ni is the loading calcu- lated based on a temperature of 25◦C and the corresponding feed pressure, and nf is the loading calculated for a temperature of 200◦C and various equilibrium pressures. In the equation above, bed utilizations of 79% and 100% were used for stages 1 and 2 respectively. Residual loadings as well as the mass of gas in the vapor phase are also taken into account. From equation 2.16, a comparison of the volumes of adsorbent for each stage and their sum was made for different equilibrium pressures for the cases using only 5A zeolite in both stages and using 5A zeolite in stage 1 and NaY zeolite in stage 2. As seen in Figure 2.4, a minimum is reached for the sum of the adsorbent volumes at an equilibration pressure of about 47 mm Hg when only 5A zeolite is used. In the situation when 5A and NaY are used in stages 1 and 2 respectively, a minimum for the sum of the adsorbent volumes occurs at an equilibration pressure of 152 mm Hg, as shown in Figure 2.5. Contrary to what is seen in Table 2.2, Figure 2.5 indicates that it is not beneficial to use NaY in stage 2. Closer inspection of Table 2.2 reveals that the bulk density of NaY is much lower than that of 5A, and the low bulk density would drive 2 15PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION COMPRESSION AND MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
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